159 research outputs found
Fully-coupled pressure-based algorithm for compressible flows: linearisation and iterative solution strategies
The impact of different linearisation and iterative solution strategies for
fully-coupled pressure-based algorithms for compressible flows at all speeds is
studied, with the aim of elucidating their impact on the performance of the
numerical algorithm. A fixed-coefficient linearisation and a Newton
linearisation of the transient and advection terms of the governing nonlinear
equations are compared, focusing on test-cases that feature acoustic, shock and
expansion waves. The linearisation and iterative solution strategy applied to
discretise and solve the nonlinear governing equations is found to have a
significant influence on the performance and stability of the numerical
algorithm. The Newton linearisation of the transient terms of the momentum and
energy equations is shown to yield a significantly improved convergence of the
iterative solution algorithm compared to a fixed-coefficient linearisation,
while the linearisation of the advection terms leads to substantial differences
in performance and stability at large Mach numbers and large Courant numbers.
It is further shown that the consistent Newton linearisation of all transient
and advection terms of the governing equations allows, in the context of
coupled pressure-based algorithms, to eliminate all forms of underrelaxation
and provides a clear performance benefit for flows in all Mach number regimes
The Gilmore-NASG model to predict single-bubble cavitation in compressible liquids
The Gilmore model is combined with the Noble-Abel-stiffened-gas (NASG)
equation of state to yield a simple model to predict the expansion and collapse
of spherical bubbles based on real gas thermodynamics. The NASG equation of
state resolves the temperature inaccuracy associated with the commonly employed
Tait equation of state for liquids and, thus, can provide a consistent
description of compressible and thermal effects of the bubble content and the
surrounding liquid during cavitation. After a detailed derivation of the
proposed Gilmore-NASG model, the differences between the classical Gilmore-Tait
model and the proposed model are highlighted with results of single-bubble
cavitation related to bubble collapse and driven by an acoustic excitation in
frequency and amplitude regimes relevant to sonoluminescence, high-intensity
focused ultrasound and shock wave lithotripsy. Especially for rapidly and
violently collapsing bubbles, substantial differences in the bubble behaviour
can be observed between the proposed Gilmore-NASG model and the classical
Gilmore-Tait model. The ability of the Gilmore-NASG model to simultaneously
predict reliable pressure and temperature values in gas, vapour and liquid,
makes the proposed model particularly attractive for sonochemistry and
biomedical applications
Balanced-force two-phase flow modelling on unstructured and adaptive meshes
Two-phase flows occur regularly in nature and industrial processes and their understanding is of significant interest in engineering research and development. Various numerical methods to predict two-phase phase flows have been developed as a result of extensive research efforts in past decades, however, most methods are limited to Cartesian meshes.
A fully-coupled implicit numerical framework for two-phase flows on unstructured meshes is presented, solving the momentum equations and a specifically constructed continuity constraint in a single equation system. The continuity constraint, derived using a momentum interpolation method, satisfies continuity, provides a strong pressure-velocity coupling and ensures a discrete balance between pressure gradient and body forces. The numerical framework is not limited to specific density ratios or a particular interface topology and includes several novelties.
A further step towards a more accurate prediction of two-phase flows on unstructured meshes is taken by proposing a new method to evaluate the interface curvature. The curvature estimates obtained with this new method are shown to be as good as or better than methods reported in literature, which are mostly limited to Cartesian meshes, and the accuracy on structured and unstructured meshes is shown to be comparable. Furthermore, lasting contributions are made towards the understanding of convolution methods for two-phase flow modelling and the underlying mechanisms of parasitic currents are studied in detailed.
The mesh resolution is of particular importance for two-phase flows due to the inherent first-order accuracy of the interface position using interface capturing methods. A mesh adaption algorithm for tetrahedral meshes with application to two-phase flows and its implementation are presented. The algorithm is applied to study mesh resolution requirements at interfaces and force-balancing for surface-tension-dominated two-phase flows on adaptive meshes.Open Acces
Solitary waves on falling liquid films in the inertia-dominated regime
We offer new insights and results on the hydrodynamics of solitary waves on inertia-dominated falling liquid films using a combination of experimental measurements, direct numerical simulations (DNS) and low-dimensional (LD) modelling. The DNS are shown to be in very good agreement with experimental measurements in terms of the main wave characteristics and velocity profiles over the entire range of investigated Reynolds numbers. And, surprisingly, the LD model is found to predict
accurately the film height even for inertia-dominated films with high Reynolds numbers. Based on a detailed analysis of the flow field within the liquid film, the hydrodynamic mechanism responsible for a constant, or even reducing, maximum film height when the Reynolds number increases above a critical value is identified, and reasons why no flow reversal is observed underneath the wave trough above a critical Reynolds number are proposed. The saturation of the maximum film height is shown to be linked to a reduced effective inertia acting on the solitary waves as a result of flow recirculation in the main wave hump and in the moving frame of reference. Nevertheless, the velocity profile at the crest of the solitary waves remains parabolic and self-similar even after the onset of flow recirculation. The upper limit of the Reynolds number with respect to flow reversal is primarily the result of steeper solitary waves at high Reynolds numbers, which leads to larger streamwise pressure gradients that counter flow reversal. Our results should be of interest in the optimisation of the heat and mass transport characteristics of falling liquid films and can also serve as a benchmark for future model development
Conservative finite-volume framework and pressure-based algorithm for flows of incompressible, ideal-gas and real-gas fluids at all speeds
A conservative finite-volume framework, based on a collocated variable
arrangement, for the simulation of flows at all speeds, applicable to
incompressible, ideal-gas and real-gas fluids is proposed in conjunction with a
fully-coupled pressure-based algorithm. The applied conservative discretisation
and implementation of the governing conservation laws as well as the definition
of the fluxes using a momentum-weighted interpolation are identical for
incompressible and compressible fluids, and are suitable for complex geometries
represented by unstructured meshes. Incompressible fluids are described by
predefined constant fluid properties, while the properties of compressible
fluids are described by the Noble-Abel-stiffened-gas model, with the
definitions of density and specific static enthalpy of both incompressible and
compressible fluids combined in a unified thermodynamic closure model. The
discretised governing conservation laws are solved in a single linear system of
equations for pressure, velocity and temperature. Together, the conservative
finite-volume discretisation, the unified thermodynamic closure model and the
pressure-based algorithm yield a conceptually simple, but versatile, numerical
framework. The proposed numerical framework is validated thoroughly using a
broad variety of test-cases, with Mach numbers ranging from 0 to 239, including
viscous flows of incompressible fluids as well as the propagation of acoustic
waves and transiently evolving supersonic flows with shock waves in ideal-gas
and real-gas fluids. These results demonstrate the accuracy, robustness and the
convergence, as well as the conservation of mass and energy, of the numerical
framework for flows of incompressible and compressible fluids at all speeds, on
structured and unstructured meshes
Estimation of curvature from volume fractions using parabolic reconstruction on two-dimensional unstructured meshes (Supporting data)
This data accompanies the paper "Estimation of curvature from volume fractions using parabolic reconstruction on two-dimensional unstructured meshes", published in Journal of Computational Physics (2017). The document "supportingdata.pdf" gives a description of the data provided in the txt-files
Robust low-dimensional modelling of falling liquid films subject to variable wall heating
Accurate low-dimensional models for the dynamics of falling liquid films subject to localized or time-varying heating are essential for applications that involve patterning or control. However, existing modelling methodologies either fail to respect fundamental thermodynamic properties or else do not accurately capture the effects of advection and diffusion on the temperature profile. We argue that the best-performing long-wave models are those that give the surface temperature implicitly as the solution of an evolution equation in which the wall temperature alone (and none of its derivatives) appears as a source term. We show that, for both flat and non-uniform films, such a model can be rationally derived by expanding the temperature field about its free-surface values. We test this model in linear and nonlinear regimes, and show that its predictions are in remarkable quantitative agreement with full Navier–Stokes calculations regarding the surface temperature, the internal temperature field and the surface displacement that would result from temperature-induced Marangoni stresses
Impact of porcine cytomegalovirus on long-term orthotopic cardiac xenotransplant survival
Xenotransplantation using pig organs has achieved survival times up to 195 days in pig orthotopic heart transplantation into baboons. Here we demonstrate that in addition to an improved immunosuppressive regimen, non-ischaemic preservation with continuous perfusion and control of post-transplantation growth of the transplant, prevention of transmission of the porcine cytomegalovirus (PCMV) plays an important role in achieving long survival times. For the first time we demonstrate that PCMV transmission in orthotopic pig heart xenotransplantation was associated with a reduced survival time of the transplant and increased levels of IL-6 and TNF alpha were found in the transplanted baboon. Furthermore, high levels of tPA-PAI-1 complexes were found, suggesting a complete loss of the pro-fibrinolytic properties of the endothelial cells. These data show that PCMV has an important impact on transplant survival and call for elimination of PCMV from donor pigs
Weak-signal extraction enabled by deep-neural-network denoising of diffraction data
Removal or cancellation of noise has wide-spread applications for imaging and
acoustics. In every-day-life applications, denoising may even include
generative aspects which are unfaithful to the ground truth. For scientific
applications, however, denoising must reproduce the ground truth accurately.
Here, we show how data can be denoised via a deep convolutional neural network
such that weak signals appear with quantitative accuracy. In particular, we
study X-ray diffraction on crystalline materials. We demonstrate that weak
signals stemming from charge ordering, insignificant in the noisy data, become
visible and accurate in the denoised data. This success is enabled by
supervised training of a deep neural network with pairs of measured low- and
high-noise data. This way, the neural network learns about the statistical
properties of the noise. We demonstrate that using artificial noise (such as
Poisson and Gaussian) does not yield such quantitatively accurate results. Our
approach thus illustrates a practical strategy for noise filtering that can be
applied to challenging acquisition problems.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure
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